2018年全國同等學力申碩英語真題A
A. Section B
Directions: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D Choose the best answer and mark your
answer on the Answer Sheet.
In 2003, I was told by a restaurant owner on a Thai island that local fishermen used to wrap their lunch in banana leaves, which they would then casually toss overboard when done. That was OK, because the leaves decayed and the fish ate them all. But in the past decade, he said, plastic wrap had rapidly replaced banana leaves, so the beach was edged with a crust of plastic.
This is a worldwide problem—we can’t point the finger at Thai fishermen. The UK alone produces more than 170m tons of waste every year, much of it food packaging. Now we live in an absurd age where a packet of cookies can have seven layers of wrapping. While it has revolutionized the way we store and consume food, there is now so much of it that landfills(垃圾填埋場)can’t cope. Some of it is poisonous, and some of it never degrades. It can take 450 years for some types of plastic bottle to break down. Indeed, as Rachelle Strauss of the UK’s Zero Waste Week says, we never actually throw anything “away”—it’s really just put somewhere else.
It’s easy to say despair at the scale of handing the plastic wrap, but it isn’ t beyond humanity to solve it—look at how the world took action on CFCs(含氯氟烴): there are signs that the hole in the ozone layer is now closing. Food packaging ought to be a doddle.
Comment 1:
While as an individual I can do my best to avoid excessive packaging, it is really only government regulation that can force corporation to change their practices. Comment 2:
I never understand why supermarket chains insist on covering products such as bananas and cucumbers in plastic wrap. Why? They have their own packaging—the skin or peel! Comment 3:
I love packaging—if it’s well designed of course. It helps us be more hygienic and practical. The solution to these packaging necessities is clearly to encourage the use of bio-degradable packaging.
Comment 4:
Before, everything we threw out was bio-degradable and now it’s not. Guess it’ s hard to change that behavior overnight.
11. What is the author’s view on the plastic problem in Thailand?
A. The problem is not unique to Thailand.
B. There is no point overreacting to the problem.
C. It is important to raise people’s awareness.
D. The government should be held responsible.
12. “A package of cookies” is mentioned in Paragraph 2 to .
A. illustrate the problem of excessive packaging
B. introduce the revolutionary way of packaging
C. review the gradual development of packaging
D. emphasize the necessity of food packaging
13. The word “doddle” (Para.3) probably means “something ”.
A. no longer useful C. beyond imagination
B. extremely difficult D. easily accomplished
14. Which of the comments is positive about packaging?
A. Comment 1 B. Comment 2 C. Comment 3 D. Comment 4
15. Which of the following comments point out ways to solve over-packaging?
A. Comment 1 and 2. B. Comment 1 and 3.
C. Comment 2 and 4. D. Comment 3 and 4.
Section B
【文章介紹】本文主要講述了倫敦市長在 SXSW 科技文化大會上針對科技公司的監(jiān)管提出了自己的意見。他認為,科技公司對社會影響面大,因此政府和監(jiān)督機構必須合作,共同解決網絡上出現的問題。對于市長的發(fā)言,有 4 條不同的評論。
12. 【答案】A
【考點】語義題
【解析】本題問的是第二段的 dereliction 是什么意思。
根據第二段第二句可知,過去幾年最大的問題是在科技革命發(fā)生時,政客和政府都很消極,且是一種袖手旁觀的態(tài)度。因此此題選 A 項“有意忽視”。
【誤項排除】B 項“潛在濫用”,C 項“持續(xù)的錯誤判斷”,D 項“明顯誤解”,這三項不符合題意。
13. 【答案】D
【考點】細節(jié)題
【解析】本題問的是最后一段汗在發(fā)言中強調了什么。
博客最后一段,汗強調如果公司不能回應政府的擔憂,他警示將有可能制定更嚴厲的監(jiān)管措施。因此選 D 項“產業(yè)的自我監(jiān)管”。
【誤項排除】A 項“嚴厲的英國制度”,B 項“德式的監(jiān)管法律”,C 項“政府和行業(yè)合作”,這三項不符合題意。
14. 【答案】B
【考點】推斷題
【解析】本題問的是評論 1 中,傳播錯誤消息誰應受到責問。
根據評論 1 可知,從“行業(yè)監(jiān)管”的角度來看,這是有缺陷的。這個問題的核心是個人,是他們選擇是否“上傳”。強調個人的重要性,因此選 B 項“個人”。
【誤項排除】A 項“公司”,C 項“政府官員”,D 項“企業(yè)領導”,這三項不符合題意。
15. 【答案】C
【考點】推斷題
【解析】本題問的是以下哪個評論支持政府嚴格監(jiān)管。
根據評論 4 可知,沒有嚴厲的監(jiān)管約束,自我監(jiān)管永遠不會起作用。因此選 C 項“評論 4”。
【誤項排除】A 項“評論 2”,B 項“評論 3”,D 項“評論 5”這三項不符合題意。 45.【答案】D
【考點】推斷題
【解析】本題問的是以下哪些評論認同汗對于科技公司的看法。
根據文章可知,汗認為科技公司對于世界是重要的,但需要監(jiān)管。結合評論可知, 評論 4 認為科技公司會推動收益和利潤,但沒有監(jiān)管,自我監(jiān)管不起作用。評論 5 認為科技演變是有益的,但不能預測未知的結果,因此選 D 項“評論 3 和 5”。
【誤項排除】A 項“評論 1 和 4”,B 項“評論 2 和 3”,C 項“評論 4 和 5”,這三項不符合題意。
參考譯文
在奧斯汀舉辦的 SXSW 科技文化大會上,倫敦市長薩迪 · 汗批判了大型科技公司和監(jiān)管機構,他們沒能阻止網絡上仇恨、錯誤消息和激進觀點的傳播。
該市長說,政府在通過法規(guī)來打擊科技給社會帶來的負面影響是失職的。汗在評論中說到,過去幾年最大的問題是在科技革命發(fā)生時,政客和政府都很消極,且是一種袖手旁觀的態(tài)度。
最后,他說政府應該要與科技企業(yè)和領導者合作,確??萍歼M步有合適的檢查機制。
在歐洲,社交媒體公司現已面臨新的監(jiān)管壓力。這歸功于德國今年 1 月頒布的法律,
該項法律將對報道出現問題且沒有在 24 小時內撤銷的公司處以罰款。
汗并不提倡這類監(jiān)管,但是如果公司不能回應政府的擔憂,他警示將有可能制定更嚴厲的監(jiān)管措施。最后,由于這些科技公司因其對世界的影響,必定要承當更大的責任。
評論 1:
從“行業(yè)監(jiān)管”的角度來看,這是有缺陷的。這個問題的核心是個人,是他們選擇是否“上傳”。我們的社會似乎已經失去了個人責任感。
評論 2:
針對網上的內容要實施法律制裁并不容易。最大的問題是,執(zhí)法部門根本沒有資源去處理所有在發(fā)生中的網絡犯罪行為。
評論 3:
我認同科技公司至少在一個非常重要的方面讓我們失望了:通過推特、臉譜等發(fā)布或持續(xù)發(fā)布不實和虛假的新聞,一些人信以為真,他們必須要做些什么。
評論 4:
這些有爭議的公司推送著不實的內容,而該內容給他們帶來收入和利潤。沒有嚴厲的監(jiān)管約束,自我監(jiān)管永遠不會起作用。
評論 5:
通過演變,信息與通訊科技(ICT)總體被認為是有益的,它推動了進步和共同利益。但是 ICT 并沒有預測到不斷發(fā)展的產業(yè)會如何產生未知的后果。ICT 是時候提升了。
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